Project factors that impact energy goals

Energy goals are influenced by a wide range of factors, from the building’s function to external considerations like climate and owner expectations. Understanding these factors is critical for aligning energy modeling outcomes with the broader project objectives. Each of these factors is interconnected and must be considered holistically when setting energy goals. By understanding these influences, the energy model can better guide design decisions and align with project objectives.

Building Function

The intended use of a building greatly impacts its energy needs. For example, a hospital requires more energy than a typical office due to specialized medical equipment and 24/7 operations. A warehouse might prioritize lighting and heating differently compared to a school or a data center.

Climate

Climate directly affects heating, cooling, and ventilation requirements. A cold climate increases heating demand, while hot and humid climates increase cooling loads. Understanding local weather patterns ensures models are tailored to real-world conditions.

Local Code Stringency

Local energy codes and standards, such as ASHRAE 90.1 or IECC, set minimum efficiency requirements. Stricter codes may drive the need for more advanced systems or design strategies.

Hours of Operation

The building’s schedule impacts energy use significantly. A facility with extended or 24/7 operations will consume more energy compared to a building with standard business hours. Aligning energy goals with operational schedules ensures realistic modeling outcomes.

Setpoint Temperature & Relative Humidity (RH)

Indoor thermal comfort goals directly impact HVAC energy use. Narrow setpoint ranges and precise humidity control typically increase energy demand. Understanding these requirements early helps balance comfort and efficiency.

Plug & Process Loads

These loads include computers, appliances, and specialized equipment. High process loads (e.g., in data centers or industrial facilities) may dominate energy use, influencing system sizing and goals.

Special Spaces

Certain spaces may have unique requirements that affect energy goals like laboratories with fume hoods; kitchens with exhaust systems; theaters or auditoriums requiring advanced lighting and ventilation.

Available Energy Sources

The type of energy available (e.g., grid electricity, natural gas, renewables) influences goals and strategies. Access to renewable energy may enable lower carbon footprints and support sustainability goals.

Owner Aspirations

The building owner’s vision and goals play a key role:

Are they aiming for net-zero energy?
Do they want to prioritize low operating costs?

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