Sources for default internal gain assumptions

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This page is a collection of default internal gain assumptions which may be useful during early stage analysis when actual values are not yet determined. The following table provides a summary of the type of assumptions available in various resources.

Also refer to the Lookup Tables section of this website for an interactive tool that provides the ability to search for internal gain data by building type and space type and present the information in tabular format.

Available data sources - resource list

Source Occupant density Lighting power density Equipment power density Schedules Notes
Energy codes X Interior lighting power allowance by building type
ASHRAE Standard 189.1 X Tables of lighting power allowances at lower levels vs. Standard 90.1
ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals, Chapter 18 X X Typical plug loads for offices and office equipment power. Also includes heat gain data for cooking, medical and lab equipment
COMNET Appendix B X X X Spreadsheet with values for different building types
COMNET Appendix C X Spreadsheet with schedules for different building types
ASHRAE Advanced Energy Design Guides (AEDG) X Includes lighting power for efficient designs
ASHRAE AEDG 50% Savings Technical Support Documents X X X Includes both baseline and efficient values
ASHRAE Standard 90.1 User’s Manual X X X Includes values and schedules from Standard 90.1-1989.
Commercial Building Prototype Models X X X X Spreadsheets of modeling assumptions available for many different building types
U.S. Department of Energy Commercial Reference Building Models of the National Building Stock X X X X Report also includes assumptions for exterior lighting power, elevators, and commercial kitchens
California Title 24 NonResidential ACM Appendices X X X Appendix 5.4A includes receptacle power and occupancy.

Appendix 5.4B includes schedules.

ASHRAE Research Project 1093 X Lighting and plug load schedules based on monitored data
ASHRAE Research Project 1742 X X Plug load schedules for office buildings based on monitored data

BEMcyclopedia lookup table tool

This website includes an interactive tool for looking up modeling assumptions for internal gains and schedules.

See more at: https://apps.bemcyclopedia.com/lookups/

Lighting power assumptions

ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2019

Lighting Power Density per ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2019 Building Area Method[1]

Plug load assumptions

COMNET Appendix B

COMNET Plug Load Density by Building Area Type[2]

ASHRAE Standard 90.1 User's Manual

ASHRAE Standard 90.1 User’s Manual Plug Load Density by Building Type[3]

ASHRAE Fundamentals Handbook 2017

Office Plug Load Density (Source: ASHRAE Handbook 2017 Fundamentals, Chapter 18)[4]

Occupant load assumptions

COMNET Appendix B

COMNET Occupant Density by Building Area Type[2]

ASHRAE Standard 90.1 User's Manual

ASHRAE Standard 90.1 User’s Manual Occupant Density[3]

U.S. Department of Energy Commercial Reference Building Models of the National Building Stock

Occupant Density by Space Type (Source: U.S. Department of Energy Commercial Reference Building Models of the National Building Stock)[5]

References

  1. ↑ "ASHRAE 90.1-2019". ASHRAE.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "COMNET Appendix b - Modeling Data". COMNET.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "STANDARD 90.1 USER'S MANUAL (BASED ON ANSI/ASHRAE/IES STANDARD 90.1-2019)". ASHRAE.
  4. ↑ "2021 ASHRAE Handbook—Fundamentals". ASHRAE.
  5. ↑ "Commercial Reference Buildings". ASHRAE.
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