Material types

This page includes definitions and descriptions of many commonly used construction materials. Several materials are typically used to create a layer-by-layer construction (e.g. wall construction or roof construction).

Air cavity

Air cavities in wall and roof construction serve several important purposes including:

• Thermal insulation
  • The air acts as an insulator, reducing heat transfer.
• Moisture control
  • Allows for evaporation to remove moisture
  • For exterior constructions, the cavity allows any moisture to drain away before reaching the inner surfaces
• Accommodating space for utilities such as piping, and electrical wiring.

Building boards

Building boards provide a surface for attaching siding and other exterior finishes. They contribute to the building's rigidity and resistance to wind and other forces. They provide some (but not much) amount of insulation and moisture resistance. Some types of building boards include:

• Plywood - made from layers of wood
• Oriented Strand Board (OSB) - made from compressed wood strands
• Fiber cement board - made from cement and fibers and often used in areas with fire and moisture risk
• Drywall/gypsum board - primarily used as an interior wall finish

Building siding

Building siding is the exterior layer applied to the outside of a building (also called "exterior cladding"). It's purpose is to protect the building from the elements such as rain, wind, and sun. It is also a key component of the building's aesthetic appearance. Some types include:

• Wood
• Vinyl
• Metal
• Brick or stone veneer

Siding is attached directly to the building board.

Building membrane

Membranes serve as barriers against moisture and air and are important for the building's durability and energy efficiency. Types of membranes include:

• Air barrier - stops airflow through the building envelope
• Vapor barrier - controls the movement of water vapor to prevent condensation within the wall structure
• Waterproofing membrane - used in roofs, basements, and foundations to prevent liquid water from entering the building
• Vapor-permeable membrane - prevent liquid water from entering, but allow water vapor to escape the building